In the future, major improvements in poultry nutrition are unlikely to come from the discovery of new nutrients or even the refining of nutrient requirements; rather, the  improve­ments in production efficiency which is the most desirable commercial objective, will depend on achiev­ing maximum nutrient utilization from feedstuffs. This would also enable the use of a larger range of feed ingredients, including those currently considered to be nutritionally inferior for one reason or another. It is recognized within the feed industry that a proportion of the nutrient content of feeds is not subjected to effective digestion and absorption by poultry. Certain feedstuff are overlooked or underutilized due to inferior nutrient availabil­ity, high levels of (Non Starch Polysaccharides) NSPs and/or the presence of undesirable anti-nutritional compounds. A varied number of anti-nutritional and/or potentially toxic compounds are located integrally in cereal grains, seeds of legumes, and other feeds of plant origin used in the manufacture of poultry diets. Such compounds can be relatively easily inactivated by subjecting them to washing, soaking and heating processes. Extreme care is needed in the application of such processes to avoid further spoiling of the nutrient profile or the inadvertent creation of additional toxic compounds. One subject receiving much attention from researchers at present is that of mycotoxicity. It is an issue which has important implications for the global feed industry, bird perform­ance and potential negative consequences for the food chain. The elevated temperatures, and other climatic variables, resulting from climate change means that study of this subject will continue to be of importance for a long time. Mycotoxins are a structurally diverse group of secondary metabolites produced by dif­ferent genera of toxigenic fungi (Chadd, 2004). Aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin, T-2 toxin and ochratoxin A are toxins of importance worldwide, which are pro­duced by fungi on pre- and post-harvest food and feeds (Fokunang et al., 2006). Of particular concern is that mycotoxin surveys from around the world indicate that protein sources such as rapeseed meal, groundnut cake, sunflower meal, copra meal and palm kernel meal, for example, are more susceptible to mycotoxin contamination than conventional raw materials such as soybean meal. Due to cost implications, feed industries of different countries seek alternatives to soybean and this will only serve to worsen the situation and the degree of risk. The cost of maize has also reinforced the need to assess other “vulnerable” energy sources including by-products such as rice bran, wheat bran and screenings. The additional concern here is that many of the mycotoxins are concentrated in the outer covering of the seeds, which are used as feed for poultry. The toxicological effects on poultry and the mode of action associated with such toxins are varied, but the extent of mycotoxicosis manifest in chickens will depend on fac­tors such as duration of exposure to toxins either ingested or inhaled, breed type, age and physiological status (Chadd, 2004). The presence of such a toxin in the chicken can have the overall effect of compromising immune-system function, and thereby negatively affecting bird performance. With a significant number of industries involved in feed and food production and technologies employed to improve efficiency, it is imperative that in the future more integrated approaches to prevention and control of mycotoxin occurrence are considered and adopted. Bhatnagar et al. (2004) identified a twin approach to priorities for future research. First, an emphasis on devising rapid procedures for detecting the presence of fungal and toxins of crops, raw feed materials and manufactured products, which have greater sensitivity and accuracy; and, second, the use of effective strategies by demonstrating good agricultural practice, controlling contamination prior to harvest, and decontamination of commodities post-harvest. Hygienic storage conditions particularly in this tropical climates are imperative.